The island appears with the Portuguese names Cirne or Do-Cerne on early Portuguese maps, probably from the name of a ship in the 1507 expedition. Help us do this work by making a donation. That is 35 per day, which is ranked 165th. World Population Prospects (2022 Revision). Mauritius is at 69th position out of 201 countries/territories in terms of female to male ratio. More recent years have witnessed the demolition of plantations, residences, and civic buildings as they have been cleared or drastically renovated for new developments to serve an expanding tourism industry. A value below 2.1 will cause the native population to decline, See also: Countries in the world ranked by Life Expectancy. [68][69], Guy Rozemont's Labour Party won the majority of the votes[70] with 11 of the 19 elected seats won by Hindus. Despite winning the Battle of Grand Port against the British, the French could not prevent the British from landing at Cap Malheureux three months later. However, the labourers of Belle Vue Harel Sugar Estate went on strike on 27 September 1943. Mauritius - ISS African Futures Mauritius's claim is that since Tromelin was a dependency of Isle de France, it was 'de facto' transferred to Britain in 1814. The rising middle class (made up of doctors, lawyers, and teachers) began to challenge the political power of the sugar cane landowners. The average length of stay of a tourist was 12.6 nights. Under British rule, the island's name reverted to Mauritius /mrs/ (listen). In early 1965, a political assassination took place in the suburb of Belle-Rose, in the town of Quatre Bornes, where Labour activist Rampersad Surath was beaten to death by thugs of rival party Parti Mauricien. Wikipedia; In Wikipedia. However, it was tainted by the Ratsitatane episode. Mauritius established diplomatic relations with China in April 1972 and was forced to defend this decision, along with naval contracts with the USSR in the same year. [43], In 1901, faster links were established with the island of Rodrigues thanks to wireless communications.[52]. The island of Mauritius was uninhabited before its first recorded visit by Portuguese sailors in the beginning of the 16th century. [146] According to the 2017 Democracy Index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit that measures the state of democracy in 167 countries, Mauritius ranks 16th worldwide and is the only African-related country with "full democracy".[147]. There is no information available about the ethnicity of Mauritius as questions related to ethnicity were removed from the census. [90] Harish Boodhoo dissolved his party PSM to enable all PSM parliamentarians to join Jugnauth's new party MSM, thus remaining in power whilst distancing themselves from MMM. Mauritius - World Health Organization The media and literature are primarily in French. The estimated population of the Republic of Mauritius was at 1,265,985, of whom 626,341 were males and 639,644 females as at 1 July 2019. Penn World Table, constant international-$, Maddison Project Database, constant international-$, Regimes of the World, including ambiguous regimes, Boix et al., including women's right to vote, Absolute annual change in primary energy consumption, Absolute number of deaths from ambient particulate air pollution, Age-standardized death rate from all causes, Air pollution deaths as percentage of global disease burden, Alcohol and drug use disorders as a share of total disease burden, Alcohol and drug use disorders death rate, Annual CO2 emissions from land-use change per capita, Annual CO emissions from land-use change, Annual CO emissions including land-use change, Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals, Annual articles published in scientific and technical journals per million people, Annual change in forest area as a share of forest area, Annual change in primary energy consumption, Annual deforestation as a share of forest area, Annual new cases of neonatal tetanus per million people, Annual number of children newly infected with HIV, Annual number of objects launched into space, Annual patent applications per million people, Annual percentage change in CO emissions, Arable land needed to produce a fixed quantity of crops, Armed forces personnel as a share of the total labor force, Armed forces personnel as a share of total population, Beds for mental health patients in general hospitals, Carbon intensity: CO emissions per dollar of GDP, Central government expenditure as share of GDP, Change in the consumption of ozone-depleting substances, Child dependency ratio the ratio between under-19-year-olds and 20-to-69-year-olds, Child mortality by income level of country, Competitiveness of executive recruitment score, Competitiveness of political participation score, Completion rate of lower secondary education, Condom use among men who have sex with men, Consumption of ozone-depleting substances, Contribution to global mean surface temperature rise, Cost of a calorie sufficient diet as a share of average food expenditure, Cost of a healthy diet as a share of average expenditure on food, Cost of a nutrient adequate diet as a share of average food expenditure, Countries where women have fewer children than in the US, Crude death rate: the share of the population that dies per year, Cumulative AI-related bills passed into law since 2016, Cumulative CO emissions from land-use change, Cumulative CO emissions including land-use change, Cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade of lower secondary general education, Cumulative number of objects launched into space, DALY rates from communicable, neonatal, maternal & nutritional diseases, DALY rates from non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Death rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene, Death rate from ambient particulate air pollution, Death rate from chronic respiratory diseases, Death rate from neonatal preterm birth complication, Death rate from no access to hand-washing facilities, Death rate from tuberculosis among HIV-negative people, Deaths attributed to lack of access to handwashing facilities, Deaths attributed to unsafe water sources, Deaths from natural disasters as a share of total deaths, Dentistry personnel per 10,000 population, Development assistance as share of government expense, Differences in life expectancy are more regional than national, Direct economic loss attributed to disasters, Direct economic loss from disasters as a share of GDP, Disease burden from mental and neurodevelopmental disorders, Disease burden from particulate pollution, Education spending as a share of total government expenditure, Elections for government's chief executive, Electricity generation from low-carbon sources, Emissions-weighted carbon price in emissions trading systems, Employment in food and beverage serving activities per 1,000 people, Employment in tourism-related industries per 1,000 people, Estimated tuberculosis-related deaths among people living with HIV, Ethnic intra-state conflict about national government ongoing, Ethnic intra-state conflict about territory ongoing, Excess phosphorous per hectare of cropland, Expected years of living with disability or disease burden, Exposure to air pollution with fine particulate matter, Farm machinery per unit of agricultural land, Female share of employment in senior and middle management, Fertility rate: children per woman over the long-term, Fertilizer application rates over the long-run, Fertilizer inputs per unit of agricultural land, Fertilizer use per hectare of arable land, Foreign direct investment, net inflows as share of GDP, Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP, Foreign guests in hotels and similar establishments, Freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, Gap to reach the target share of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, Gender gap in pre-primary education: Share of students in pre-primary education who are female. The MMM leader was released a year later. [20] The local population was forcibly expelled and the largest island, Diego Garcia, was leased to the United States. The central plateau is much cooler than the surrounding coastal areas and can experience as much as twice the rainfall. surpassing Mauritius in lifespan in 2007. The capital city of Port Louis remained relatively unchanged until the mid-1990s, yet now reflects the irreversible damage that has been inflicted on its built heritage. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. [151], Mauritius has strong and friendly relations with various African, American, Asian, European and Oceanic countries. [168] French and English are favoured in educational and professional settings, while Asian languages are used mainly in music, religious and cultural activities. The Labour-CAM coalition won only 28 seats out of 62. School students must learn English and French; they may also opt for an Asian language or Mauritian Creole. All three ratios are commonly multiplied by 100. Mauritius is proud to be a signatory to the UN Convention on the Rights of . around 10 percent of the total population (3320, 71). PDF Handbook of Statistical Data on Tourism 2019 [100], On 21 January 2017, Sir Anerood Jugnauth announced his resignation and that his son and Finance Minister Pravind Jugnauth would assume the office of prime minister. PDF Gender Statistics - 2020 Introduction - Mauritius [114] They are no longer volcanically active and the hotspot now rests under Runion Island. compared with 1.272 million in 2020. ", "Resident population by religion and sex", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2015", "Mauritius: Maha Shivratree 2022 - the Prime Minister Chairs the National Task Force", "Constitution of Mauritius 49. An act of Parliament was passed on 16 December 1975 to extend the right to vote to 18-year-olds. Mauritius Demographics Profile - IndexMundi In 1723, the Code Noir was established to regulate slavery; categorise one group of human beings as "goods", for the owner of these goods to be able to obtain insurance money and compensation in case of loss of his "goods". Islands of the Republic of Mauritius labelled in black; Chagos Archipelago and Tromelin are claimed by Mauritius. [190][191][192], Mauritius has a high-income economy, according to the World Bank in 2019. PDF Population and Vital Statistics - Mauritius Relations with India are very strong for both historical and commercial reasons. Sea temperature in the lagoon varies from 2227C (7281F). There are 12.66 thousand births in Mauritius in 2021. [113] Just off the Mauritian coast lie some 49 uninhabited islands and islets, several of which have been declared natural reserves for endangered species. Through the Newspapers and Periodicals Amendment Act, the government tried to make every newspaper provide a bank guarantee of half a million rupees. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. The population of the Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues were estimated at 1,221,844 and 44,216 respectively. Mauritian structures present a variety of designs, materials, and decorative elements that are unique to the country and inform the historical context of the Indian Ocean and European colonialism. [115], The Chagos Archipelago is composed of atolls and islands, and is located approximately 2,200 kilometres north-east of the main island of Mauritius. Between 1834 and 1921, around half a million indentured labourers were present on the island. ). If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official edition of . Mauritius demography.png 725 426; 17 KB. The island then became a French colony and was renamed Isle de France before the British took control in the early 19th century. The British Colony of Mauritius consisted of the main island of Mauritius along with its dependencies Rodrigues, Agalga, St. Brandon, Tromelin (disputed) and the Chagos Archipelago, while the Seychelles became a separate colony in 1906. Streams and rivers speckle the island, many formed in the cracks created by lava flows. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mauritius, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Since 2005 public buses, and later trains, in Mauritius have been free of charge for students, people with disabilities, and senior citizens. Of the roughly 57,000 hectares of "forest" land, roughly 34000 hectares are privately owned. [52], There was also dissatisfaction in the education sector. Later, in 1971, the MMM backed by unions called a series of strikes in the port, which caused a state of emergency in the country.[81]. Before the Portuguese arrival in 1507, there were no terrestrial mammals on the island. The nation's exclusive economic zone covers about 2.3millionkm2 (890,000sqmi) of the Indian Ocean, including approximately 400,000km2 (150,000sqmi) jointly managed with the Seychelles.[108][109][110]. A majority of the republic's residents are the descendants of people from India. Mauritius has transitioned from a country of high fertility and high mortality rates in the 1950s and mid-1960s to one with among the lowest population growth rates in the developing world today. The main island was the only known home of the dodo, which, along with several other avian species, became extinct soon after human settlement. [23][24] Indo-Mauritians make up the bulk of the population with significant Creole, Sino-Mauritian and Franco-Mauritian minorities. There were not enough high-quality secondary colleges to answer the growing demand of primary school leavers who had got through their CPE (Certificate of Primary Education). [39] As a result, the island's population rose dramatically from 15,000 to 49,000 within thirty years. Gross earnings from tourism amounted to Rs 17,664 million. i SUMMARY: MAIN TOURISM STATISTICS 2020 308,980 tourist arrivals were recorded during the year. [22], Owing to its geographic location and centuries of colonialism, the people of Mauritius are highly diverse in ethnicity, culture, language and faith. Mauritius which is quite big if compared to the overall size of the population (1.2 million), other key statistics that provides a clearer p ic ture of the Mauritian situ ation. Le Clzio, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2008, is of Mauritian heritage and holds dual French-Mauritian citizenship. [195] Over the years, Mauritius has been positioning itself as the preferred hub for investment into Africa due its strategic location between Asia and Africa, hybrid regulatory framework, ease of doing business, investment protection treaties, non-double taxation treaties, highly qualified and multilingual workforce, political stability, low crime rate coupled with modern infrastructure and connectivity. In 1810, the United Kingdom seized the island, and four years later, under the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Mauritius and its dependencies to the United Kingdom. Mauritius has transitioned from a country of high fertility and high mortality rates in the 1950s and mid-1960s to one with among the lowest population growth rates in the developing world today. [95], The year 1999 was marked by civil unrest and riots in February and then in May. Federal Register :: Agency Information Collection Activities On 24 March 1943, the Mauritius Regiment, was created as an imperial unit and a new subsidiary of the East Africa Command (EAC), that could be used anywhere whereas previously Mauritian troops were only used for domestic affairs and garrisoning. After World War II, Mauritius' population began to expand quickly due to increased fertility and a dramatic drop in mortality . PDF Handbook of Statistical Data on Tourism 2020 At Jugnauth's request, PM Indira Gandhi of India planned an armed intervention involving the Indian Navy and Indian Army to prevent a coup under the code name Operation Lal Dora.[87][88][89]. The coalition government of the Labour Party and the PMSD (Parti Mauricien Social Dmocrate) reacted by curtailing civil liberties and curbing freedom of the press. The principal tourist markets were France (25.7%), Germany (11.7%) and Reunion Island (9.9%). Voting took place for the first time on the basis of universal adult suffrage on 9 March 1959. 1,300,470 Mauritius is a popular tourist destination and its population remains fairly stable as the island nation has limited room for growth. 193rd in terms of population growth rate. [142], Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth declared an environmental state of emergency after the 25 July 2020 MV Wakashio oil spill. [62] Police officers eventually fired directly at the crowd, resulting in the deaths of four labourers: Soondrum Pavatdan (better known as Anjalay Coopen, a 32-year-old pregnant woman), Moonsamy Moonien (14-year-old boy), Kistnasamy Mooneesamy (37-year-old labourer), and Marday Panapen. [163] Public holidays of religious origins are the Hindu festivals of Maha Shivaratri, Ougadi, Thaipoosam Cavadee, Ganesh Chaturthi, and Diwali; the Christian festivals of All Saints Day and Christmas; and the Muslim festival of Eid al-Fitr. [71][68] In 1948, Emilienne Rochecouste became the first woman to be elected to the Legislative Council, serving until 1953. Mauritius - Wikipedia Many Mauritians volunteered to fight in Europe against the Germans and in Mesopotamia against the Turks. Members of the MMM, including Paul Brenger, were imprisoned on 23 December 1971. [12] In 2016, the Chagossian population was estimated at 8,700 in Mauritius, including 483 natives; 350 Chagossians live in the Seychelles, including 75 natives, while 3,000, including 127 natives, live in the UK (the population having grown from the 1200 Chagossians who moved there). Some went to England to become pilots and ground staff in the Royal Air Force. Considered part of Africa geographically, Mauritius has friendly relations with African states in the region, particularly South Africa, by far its largest continental trading partner. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. All military, police, and security functions in Mauritius are carried out by 10,000 active-duty personnel under the Commissioner of Police. Mauritius - age structure 2011-2021 | Statista [76] The Creole gang then proceeded to the coastal historic village of Mahbourg to assault the Indo-Mauritian spectators who were watching a Hindustani movie at Cinma Odon. It is the only country in Africa where Hinduism is the most practised religion. [60], At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, many Mauritians volunteered to serve under the British flag in Africa and the Near East, fighting against the German and Italian armies. PDF Status of Environment Statistics in Mauritius - UNSD In 1989 the stock exchange opened its doors, and in 1992, the freeport began operation. Agency Information Collection Activity: Veteran/Servicemember's [166] English and French are generally considered to be de facto national and common languages of Mauritius, as they are the languages of government administration, courts, and business. All of the islands forming part of the French colonial territory of Isle de France (as Mauritius was then known) were ceded to the British in 1810 under the Act of Capitulation signed between the two powers. Article 8 of the Treaty of Paris stipulate the cession by France to Britain of Isle de France "and its dependencies, namely Rodrigues and the Seychelles". All the public holidays related to religious festivals have dates that vary from year to year except for Christmas. Introduction (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Highlights In 2020, the population comprised 639,712 women compared to 626,028 men. [66], Three months later, on 12 December 1943, Bissoondoyal organised a mass gathering at "Marie Reine de la Paix" in Port Louis, and the significant crowd of workers from all over the island confirmed the popularity of his movement Jan Andolan. Over the past two decades, Mauritius has experienced rapid economic growth and in just over 30 The British colony of Mauritius included Rodrigues, Agalga, St. Brandon, the Chagos Archipelago, and, until 1906, the Seychelles. PDF Mauritius - GHS Index PDF Government of Mauritius - [201] In June 2015, Mauritius adhered to the multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, and has an exchange information mechanism with 127 jurisdictions. Other endemic animals, such as the echo parakeet, the Mauritius kestrel and the pink pigeon, have survived and are subject to intensive and successful conservation efforts. It remained under British rule until 1968. PDF Population and Vital Statistics - Mauritius The Supreme Court is composed of various divisions exercising jurisdiction such as the Master's Court, the Family Division, the Commercial Division (Bankruptcy), the Criminal Division, the Mediation Division, the Court of First Instance in civil and criminal proceedings, the Appellate jurisdiction: the Court of Civil Appeal and the Court of Criminal Appeal. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. During the late eighteenth century, African slaves accounted for around 80 percent of the island's population, and by the early nineteenth century there were 60,000 slaves on the island. Prominent Mauritian painters include Henri Le Sidaner, Malcolm de Chazal, Raouf Oderuth and Vaco Baissac while Gabrielle Wiehe is a prominent illustrator and graphic designer. The resolution gives effect to an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), demanded that the UK "withdraw its colonial administration unconditionally within a period of no more than six months". Gross earnings from tourism amounted to Rs 63,107 million. The total land area is 2040 km2 whilst the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers an area of about 1.9 million km2. Forty-three journalists protested by participating in a public demonstration in Port Louis, in front of Parliament. The politics of Mauritius take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government, assisted by a Council of Ministers. The riot was initiated by the murder of Police Constable Beesoo in his vehicle by a Creole gang. [210], The distinctive architecture of Mauritius reflects the island nation's history as a colonial trade base connecting Europe with the East. Has country already reached SDG target on child mortality? World War I broke out in August 1914. [145] The president is elected for a five-year term by the Parliament. In 2002, the island of Rodrigues became an autonomous entity within the republic and was thus able to elect its own representatives to administer the island. A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 represents the Replacement-Level Fertility: the average number of children per woman needed for each generation to exactly replace itself without needing international immigration. [214] There are 14 annual public holidays in Mauritius with New Year celebrated over two days if it falls on a weekend. According to an Information Ministry official the nine months was a "socialist experiment". Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. The Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport, the largest one in the Indian Ocean, is the main international airport and serves as the home operating base for the national airline Air Mauritius. They formally surrendered the island on the fifth day of the invasion, 3 December 1810,[43] on terms allowing settlers to keep their land and property and to use the French language and law of France in criminal and civil matters. Furthermore, a stone fortress, Fort Adelaide, was built on a hill (now known as the Citadel hill) in the centre of Port Louis to quell any uprising. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. According to the Constitution of Mauritius, there are 4 distinct communities on the island for the purposes of representation in the National Assembly. This was seen as an attempt to appease the frustration of the younger generation.[47]. [33] The swift conquest of Mauritius was fictionalised in the novel The Mauritius Command by Patrick O'Brian, first published in 1977. It was viewed 8 times while on Public Inspection. Another Portuguese sailor, Dom Pedro Mascarenhas, gave the name Mascarenes to the archipelago. Despite an improvement in the economy, which coincided with a fall in the price of petrol and a favourable dollar exchange rate, the government did not enjoy full popularity. miles). Mauritius is also commonly known as Maurice (pronounced[mis]) and le Maurice in French, Moris (pronounced[mois]) in Mauritian Creole.[32]. [143] France sent aircraft and specialists from Runion and Greenpeace said that the leak threatened the survival of thousands of species, who are at "risk of drowning in a sea of pollution".[144]. Toggle Government and politics subsection, 19451960: Postwar politics, universal suffrage, Information and communications technology. [181], The adult literacy rate was estimated at 92.7% in 2015. The abolition of slavery had important effects on Mauritius's society, economy and population. [37], France, which already controlled neighbouring le Bourbon (now Runion), took control of Mauritius in 1715 and renamed it Isle de France. The country's economy has made great strides since independence in 1968 and is now classified as an upper-middle-income economy. Mauritius is 2,000km (1,200mi) off the southeast coast of Africa, between latitudes 1958.8'S and 2031.7'S and longitudes 5718.0'E and 5746.5'E. Led by the Economic Development Board (EDB), the preparation of the SDG Investor Map followed extensive research and consultations with the public and private sector to identify 17 investment opportunity areas across 6 priority sectors, namely Renewable . [211], Decades of political, social, and economic change have resulted in the routine destruction of Mauritian architectural heritage. The Government of Mauritius partnered with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to develop the SDG Investor Map Mauritius. PDF MAURITIUS - The World Factbook Only the American judge, Joan Donoghue, voted in favor of the UK. As at 1 July 2021, the population of the Republic of Mauritius was estimated at 1,266,334, with 626,177 males and 640,157 females. The population growth rate is currently 0.4% per year. Mahbourg police recorded nearly 100 complaints of assaults on Indo-Mauritians. Mauritius Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank The Dutch settled the island in the mid-17th century and abandoned it later at the beginning of the 18th century. [17] France took control in 1715, renaming it Isle de France. The 5-year strategic plan of Active Mauritius aims at touching 35% of the population, of all ages, by [13], It is believed, Arab sailors first discovered the uninhabited island, around 975, naming it Dina Arobi. [206] The Metro Express railway currently links all five cities and the University of Mauritius at Rduit with planned expansion to the east and south. Demographics of Mauritius | Demographics Mauritius - LiquiSearch PDF Population and Vital Statistics Republic of Mauritius, Year 2020 Mauritius is a popular tourist destination and its population remains fairly stable as the island nation has limited room for growth.
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