Although the Okavango Delta has few endemic species, it is notable for the size of the populations of key species and the ICES J. Mar. 642 Rome, FAO, Krah, M., McCarthy, T. S., Mapila, P. H., Wolski, P., Annegarn, H., and Sethebe, K. (2006). Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. See more current weather. Balanced harvest: Concept, policies, evidence, and management implications. Fish capture devices in industrial and artisanal fisheries and their influence on management, in Handbook of fish biology and fisheries. Nembwe, Catfish and Pike. Can. There are spatio-temporal variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) (Hberg et al., 2002), conductivity and phosphorous concentrations (Siziba et al., 2011b). Ultimately, water borne and internal nutrient loading switches to atmospheric deposition when the floods have reached their maximum extent in the seasonal floodplains (Krah et al., 2006). doi:10.1590/sajs.2014/20130168. Environ. Am. (2007). J. While O. andersonii from the lower delta has slower growth than those from upper Delta, O. macrochir and C. rendalli from the lower Delta grow faster than their upper delta conspecifics (Mosepele, 2000). It is located in a dry sub-tropical area with a mean annual rainfall of 475mm and experiences large annual variations in temperature where October is the hottest month while July is the coldest (Milzow et al., 2009). The Okavango Delta is a stronghold for African Skimmer, a near-threatened species scattered across sub-Saharan Africa. During the low flood season, intra-specific competition for food (Mosepele et al., 2012) decreases growth rates (Dudley, 1974; Martin et al., 2011). doi:10.5194/hess-10-127-2006, Wolski, P., Masaka, T., Raditsebe, L., and Murray-Hudson, M. (2005). The tropical African mercury anomaly: Lower than - ScienceDirect Fenberg, P. B., and Roy, K. (2008). River Res. Fish production is dynamic and fluctuating both seasonally and interannually and comprises many species of various sizes, trophic levels, and life histories, which can only be exploited by deploying a wide range of seasonally adapted fishing methods. , B. Mosepele a , T. Bokhutlo b , K. Amutenya a Add to Mendeley https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.060 Get rights and content Abstract The species assemblage and community structure of four lagoons was assessed through time series data collected between 2001 and 2005 in the Okavango Delta. dominates the zooplankton community at the end of the flooding season. Available at: https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-06-botswana-government-fishing-ban-cuts-lifeline-to-impoverished-villagers/(Accessed May 6, 2022). 115-116, 99109. Moreover, lower delta populations of these three cichlids were found to mature earlier than those from the upper delta (Mosepele and Mosepele 2005). 2. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2005)025[0622:eoafod]2.0.co;2, Mmopelwa, G., Mosepele, K., Mosepele, B., Moleele, N., and Ngwenya, B. (1995). Botswana Fisheries: Fishing Gear and technology a report from a consultancy in gear technology in Botswana in the period August October 1986. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020, in Sustainability in action (Rome: FAO). (2009). environmental factors, various land-use activities, etc.). (2012). Okavango basi hydrology, in Environmental assessments in the Okavango region biodiversity and ecology. Aspects of seasonal dynamics of flooding in the Okavango delta. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.11.028. Floodplain fisheries are thus also a major source of traditional ecological knowledge (Mosepele, 2008) and cultural heritage (Junk, 2002). Investigational Report No. Kolding, J., and van Zwieten, P. A. M. (2006). Okavango Delta - 2017 Conservation Outlook Assessment (archived) . The Okavango Delta is a unique pulsing wetland. King, A. J., Humphries, P., and Lake, P. S. (2003). About 70% of the species exploited by mosquito nets are generally very small species (e.g. Okavango Delta - International Union for Conservation of Nature This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Conversely, a rapid rise and fall in the hydrograph may offset the balanced time lag between primary production and fish production (Tockner et al., 2000), which may result in less successful fish production. The Okavango Delta's waterbirds - Trends and threatening processes Conserv. Bioscience 59 (1), 5364. List of 63 fish species caught in the Okavango fishery and relative abundance (%) in each of the common gear types. Each gear has its own specific signature and there is a clear overall difference in sizes and partly targeted species between the commercial/recreational fishery, targeting larger species and sizes, and the subsistence fishery, targeting smaller species and sizes (Source: Mosepele, 2019). doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9574-4, Gownaris, N. J., Rountos, K. J., Kaufman, L., Kolding, J., Lwiza, K. M. M., and Pikitch, E. K. (2018). and associated factors/variables (e.g. 113 (1), 81101. Generally, upper delta lagoons have higher fish species richness than lower Delta lagoons. Cerdeira, R. G. P., and Ruffino, M. L. (2000). S. Afr. In the Okavango Delta, peak spawning for some fish species occurs at low flood levels in the main channel at high water temperatures, while other species spawn during high water levels in the floodplains at low water temperatures (Merron et al., 1990; Mosepele et al., 2017). Welcomme, R. L. (1985). doi:10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00462.x, Martin, S. M., Lorenzen, K., Arthur, R. I., Kaisone, P., and Souvannalangsy, K. (2011). According to Molden and de Fraiture (2004), this situation is of particular concern in Africa, where pressure on water resources is expected to increase rapidly within the next two decades. Sci. Seasonal flooding not only changes the physical landscape of the delta, by re-connecting isolated lagoons and creating a multitude of diverse micro-habitats, it also enhances nutrient dynamics in both the terrestrial and aquatic system. Fisheries, the inverted food pyramid. FAO (2003). Godinho, A. L., Lamas, I. R., and Godinho, H. P. (2010). (1965). These lists include significant numbers of rare and endangered species. This study is a systematic review of over two decades of research work in the Okavango Delta. 10, 241247. Maun, Botswana: Okavango Research Institute, University of Botswana. doi:10.1139/F08-059, Kolding, J., Jacobsen, N. S., Andersen, K. H., and van Zwieten, P. A. M. (2015b). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 1996/97 Fisheries annual report. The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh. Phys. Instead, fish species aggregate at distinct places, at distinct times, for distinct purposes of feeding, breeding, migration and nursery area protection (Jackson, 1986). (2020). 409 (10), 19671975. Okavango River | Wildlife, Delta, Botswana | Britannica J. Ecol. Trends in fisheries development and fish utilization in the Okavango delta. Fishers in floodplain fisheries systems use various traditional techniques (Cerdeira et al., 2000; Kolding et al., 2003; van Zwieten et al., 2003) to adapt and optimize utilization of the ever changing fish assemblages, and the same is observed in the Okavango Delta (Mosepele et al., 2007; Mmopelwa et al., 2009; Mosepele, 2019). Valuing small fish from mosquito nets: A comment on jones & unsworth. In addition, 71 species of fish, 5 amphibian species, >100 mammal species and around 450 bird species have been recorded here. A synopsis of presentations and discussions on the fish and fishery in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01058.x, Mmopelwa, T. G. (1989). The new floods also dissolve embedded soil nutrients from the terrestrial dry phase, which increase nutrient concentration and availability (Tsheboeng et al., 2014). This makes conventional management approaches based on steady state assumptions inconsistent and difficult (Staples et al., 2004; Mosepele, 2008; Welcomme et al., 2010; Mosepele, 2014). Time Zone. Socio-economic survey of subsistence fishing in the Okavango delta, Botswana. (2010). 5, 132153. The small-scale commercial fishery is not only a source of rural employment (Mosepele, 2001; Mmopelwa et al., 2005; Mosepele and Ngwenya, 2010), but fishery revenue is also invested into either agriculture (Mendelson et al., 2010; Mosepele and Ngwenya, 2010) or other economic activities (Mosepele, 2001). Length based fish stock assessment of the main exploited fish stocks of the Okavango delta, Botswana. (2003). Junk, W. J., Brown, M., Campbell, I. C., Finlayson, M., Gopal, B., Ramberg, L., et al. Fisheries Management and Ecology 7, 355374. Gear signatures in terms of species and size selectivity of the seven most frequently encountered fishing methods in the Okavango Delta. Okavango report series No. Mosepele, K., Makati, K., Mosie, I., and Murray-Hudson, M., (2018). Une fois par an, il inonde son bassin sur prs de 18 000 . (1998). Appl. Moreover, small fish are usually eaten whole, with heads, bones, skin and viscera, and represent a concentrated source of multiple essential nutrients compared to only eating the flesh of larger species (Longley et al., 2014). Okavango Delta tour Packages | Botswana Safaris - Voyage2Africa Ecol. I. (Weather station: Villacoublay, France). Jul-Larsen, E., Kolding, J., Over, R., Raakjr Nielsen, J., and Zwieten, P. A. M. van (Editors) (2006). Environmental variability and the fishery dynamics of the Okavango delta, Botswana: The case of subsistence fishing. Sci. Indications of the effects of climate change on the pelagic fishery of Lake Kariba, ZambiaZimbabwe. Description of the Okavango delta fishery. Essential mineral content of common fish species in Chanoga, Okavango IDS Special Collection. Currently, the delta is still relatively pristine (Milzow et al., 2009; Black et al., 2011), which nevertheless, does not discount threats to its ecological integrity. doi:10.2307/40980412, Zeug, S. C., and Winemiller, K. O. Furthermore, Turpie et al. Traditional (artisanal) fishing is also identified as a natural safety net against HIV/AIDS comorbidities in the delta (Ngwenya and Mosepele, 2008). Barbus bifrenatus and B. barnardi) during the first month of flooding. Except for a few highly commercialized fisheries in freshwater systems like the Amazon and Mekong (Welcomme et al., 2014), most tropical floodplain fisheries are a major source of localized food and nutrition and mostly serving as subsistence for riparian households (Junk, 2002; Mosepele et al., 2006; Welcomme, 2011). Editors D. L. Kgathi, B. N. Ngwenya, and M. B. K. Darkoh (USA: Nova Science Publishers), 7598. This suggests that generally, the Okavango Delta has retained its traditional/artisanal character (Cassidy et al., 2011). Therefore, subsistence fishing is a source of income for 40% of subsistence fisher households in the delta, where fishing income is used on food, toiletry, and clothing (Ngwenya and Mosepele, 2008). doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.11.005. Staples, D., Satia, B., and Gardiner, P. R. (2004). The Okavango Delta [2] (or Okavango Grassland; formerly spelled "Okovango" or "Okovanggo") in Botswana is a vast inland delta formed where the Okavango River reaches a tectonic trough at an altitude of 930-1,000 m [3] in the central part of the endorheic basin of the Kalahari. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. In the Okavango Delta the inundated areas are dominated by juvenile cichlids (e.g. Most importantly, inland fisheries provide vital proteins, micro-nutrients, jobs and income for some of the most marginalized communities of the world (Allan et al., 2005; Welcomme, 2011; HLPE 2014; Bn et al., 2015), but a growing global population, with a consequent increase in food demand, will place increased pressure on the global water resources (e.g. 9, 142148. Major dilemmas in southern African freshwater fisheries. Biophysical series. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems globally characterized by dynamic interactions between terrestrial and aquatic habitats at different scales. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the hydrological regime and the dynamics of the fishery, the productivity, and the trophic interrelationships remains limited and dispersed. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/2. doi:10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[775:fwaefo]2.0.co;2, Linhoss, A. C., Muoz-Carpena, R., Allen, M., Kiker, G., and Mosepele, K. (2012). Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. (2006b). Mosepele, K., Mosepele, B., Bokhutlo, T., and Amutenya, K. (2011). Classical fisheries theory and inland (floodplain) fisheries management; is there need for a paradigm shift? 73 (4), 644655. Editors A. R. Turton, P. J. Ashton, and T. E. Cloete (Geneva: Green Cross International), 3163. doi:10.2989/16085914.2016.1138279. Oryx 45 (2), 210216. Due to competing interests in the Deltas fish resources, particularly between the flourishing tourist and angling industry and the local people, there has been a long history of stakeholder conflicts and repeated allegations of over-exploitation of the fish resource and deterioration of the environment (Mosepele et al., 2014). Process. Population structure and reproductive biology of Schilbe intermedius (teleostei: Schilbeidae) in the pendjari river, Benin. Hence, selective harvesting with large mesh sizes would tend to select the males from the populations of these three species resulting in unbalanced sex ratios. Birds include storks, ibis, herons, egrets, cranes, and weaver birds. Focusing exploitation exclusively on the mature part of the population will also alter the demographic composition and potential recruitment. This review has shown that periodic drying and flooding episodes in the delta are necessary for primary production. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.035, Mazvimavi, D., and Wolski, P. (2006). The tragedy of our legacy: How do global management discourses affect small scale fisheries in the south? The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems. doi:10.7809/b-e.00287, Tsheboeng, G., Bonyongo, M., and Murray-Hudson, M. (2014). Zooplankton biomass peaks at about 10mg DW L1 during the first month of flooding, which gradually declines to 1mg DW L1 towards the end of the flooding season. Leveraging these resources for local communities will contribute significantly to socio-economic development of these communities. The contribution of aerosol and water borne nutrients to the functioning of the Okavango Delta ecosystem, Botswana.
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